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During fourth grade, your child will learn to use common, grade-appropriate Greek and Latin prefixes, suffixes and roots to figure out the meaning of a word. For example, “telegraph,” “photograph” and “autograph” all contain the Greek root “graph,” which refers to something that is written or drawn.

When entering third grade, your child should be able to distinguish long and short vowels when reading regularly spelled one-syllable words, such as “mad” and “made,” and know how to spell words using common vowel teams, such as “ai,” “ea,” “ee,” “oa” and “oi.”

When entering second grade, your child should be able to tell and write time in hours and half-hours using clock faces and digital clocks.

When entering first grade, your child should be able to figure out the meanings of unfamiliar words and multiple-meanings words that they encounter in kindergarten-level texts.

When entering fifth grade, your child should be able to figure out the meaning of figurative language, including similes, metaphors and idioms.

During kindergarten, your child will learn to count in sequence from 1 to 100 by ones (1, 2, 3, 4…) and tens (10, 20, 30, 40…).

When entering fourth grade, your child should be able to use clues within a sentence to figure out the meaning of an unfamiliar word or phrase. For example, in the following sentence, the underlined portion provides a clue to what the word “aviary” means: The zoo’s aviary was filled with owls, bluebirds, parrots, parakeets and cuckoos.

When entering kindergarten, your child should be able to recognize and name some uppercase letters, especially those in your child’s name.

During first grade, your child will be asked to solve word problems that involve adding and subtracting within 20.

When entering second grade, your child should be able to recall and identify key events, facts and details in grade-appropriate fiction and nonfiction texts.

When entering second grade, your child should be able to subtract within 20 fluently. For example, 18 — 5 = 13 and 20 — 6 = 14.

When entering second grade, your child should be able to count, read and write numbers up to 120, beginning with any number. For example, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120.

When entering second grade, your child should be able to correctly use pronouns, singular and plural words, and past-, present- and future-tense words in sentences.

When entering kindergarten, your child should be able to listen to a story and ask and answer questions about key details, such as identifying characters and events and retelling the story in their own words. Your child should also understand the basic features of print, such as differentiating letters from words, recognizing that words have spaces between them and distinguishing the roles of authors and illustrators.

When entering second grade, your child should understand that final -e and common vowel teams can be used to make long vowel sounds. For example, your child can recognize that the “oa” and “o_e” teams in the words “coat” and “rope” contain long “o” sounds. Your child should also be able to spell words using these vowel teams.

During first grade, your child will learn to capitalize dates and people’s names. Your child will also learn how to use punctuation at the ends of sentences, as well as how to use commas in dates and to separate words in a series. For example, “I like apples, bananas, and strawberries.”

When entering fourth grade, your child should understand that different types of shapes can share the same attributes. For example, rhombuses, rectangles and squares all have four sides and are part of a larger group called quadrilaterals.

During fourth grade, your child will multiply a number with up to four digits by a one-digit number and multiply two-digit numbers by two-digit numbers. Your child will also divide numbers with up to four digits by a one-digit number, including solving problems with remainders.

When entering fifth grade, your child should be able to compare fractions, add and subtract fractions with the same denominator and multiply a fraction by a whole number.

When entering second grade, your child should be able to identify words with similar meanings and distinguish subtle differences between them. For example, “large” and “gigantic” are synonyms, but “gigantic” has a stronger meaning than “large.”

When entering fifth grade, your child should be able to multiply and divide to solve word problems and be able to solve multistep word problems that involve multiplication and division.

When entering first grade, your child should be able to print many uppercase and lowercase letters and write numbers 0 through 20.

When entering first grade, your child should be able to count to 100 by ones (1, 2, 3, 4…) and tens (10, 20, 30, 40…).

During kindergarten, your child will learn that sentences begin with a capital letter and that the word “I” is also capitalized.

During third grade, your child will learn to capitalize the appropriate words in titles, such as the names of books and movies. Your child will also be expected to use commas in written addresses and with quotation marks to show when someone is speaking.

When entering fifth grade, your child should be able to understand words by relating them to their opposites (antonyms) and to words with similar but not identical meanings (synonyms).

During fifth grade, your child will learn to multiply fractions by whole numbers and by other fractions (2/3 x 4 = 8/3 or 2/3 x 4/5 = 8/15). Your child will also learn to divide fractions by whole numbers and whole numbers by fractions (1/3 ÷ 4 = 1/12 or 4 ÷ 1/2 = 8).

When entering second grade, your child should recognize and read common grade-appropriate sight-words and words with irregular spellings, such as “said,” “come” and “does.”

When entering third grade, your child should be able to recognize and draw shapes with specific attributes, such as six angles or three sides. Your child should also be able to identify triangles, quadrilaterals, pentagons, hexagons and cubes.

When entering third grade, your child should be able to write a paragraph with an opening, three or more details and a closing.

During fifth grade, your child will learn to multiply and divide decimals to the hundredths place. For example, 212 x 0.45 = 95.40.

When entering third grade, your child should be able to tell and write time from clock faces and digital clocks to the nearest five minutes. For example, 8:05 a.m. or 2:15 p.m.

When entering fourth grade, your child should be able to use clues within a sentence to figure out the meaning of an unfamiliar word or phrase. For example, in the following sentence, the underlined portion provides a clue to what the word “aviary” means: The zoo’s aviary was filled with owls, bluebirds, parrots, parakeets and cuckoos.

When entering fifth grade, your child should know how to correctly use words in sentences and should know many rules of English grammar and usage, including rules about relative pronouns (which, that), relative adverbs (where, when, why), the correct order of adjectives and more. Your child should also know how to use correct punctuation and capitalization when forming sentences and paragraphs.

When entering third grade, your child should be able to divide a rectangle into rows and columns of same-size squares and count to find the total number of them.

When entering third grade, your child should be able to fluently add and subtract within 100 using their knowledge of the relationship between addition and subtraction. For example, your child can solve the problem 100 — 15 = 85 by understanding that 85 + 15 = 100.

During first grade, your child will learn to spell frequently occurring irregular words, such as “know” and “could,” and learn to recognize and read them on sight.

When entering third grade, your child should be able to distinguish long and short vowels when reading regularly spelled one-syllable words, such as “mad” and “made,” and know how to spell words using common vowel teams, such as “ai,” “ea,” “ee,” “oa” and “oi.”

During kindergarten, your child will learn to count and say the syllables in spoken words. For example, your child should understand that “kitten” has two syllables: kit•ten.

During first grade, your child will answer questions about key details in stories, such as identifying characters, settings and events, identifying who is telling the story and retelling the story in their own words. Your child will also learn to tell the difference between books that tell stories and books that provide information.

When entering first grade, your child should be able to correctly use positional words, such as “above” and “between.”

When entering third grade, your child should be able to measure, estimate and compare the lengths of objects in standard units, such as inches, feet, centimeters and meters.

When entering fifth grade, your child should be able to figure out the meaning of figurative language, including similes, metaphors and idioms.

When entering third grade, your child should be able to divide circles and rectangles into halves, thirds and fourths and describe the parts of each using terms like “halves,” “thirds,” “half of” and “a third of.”

During first grade, your child will learn subtleties in words’ meanings and make real-life connections between words and their use, such as understanding that both a bed and sofa could be called cozy.

During fourth grade, your child will learn to identify lines and angles, understand symmetry and classify shapes based on their lines and angles. For example, your child will be able to classify right triangles by seeing that they have a 90-degree angle.

During first grade, your child will learn to distinguish between short and long vowels in spoken one-syllable words, such as the short “a” in “cap” and the long “a” in “cape.” Your child will also learn that final -e and common vowel teams can be used to make long vowel sounds, such as the long “o” in “rope” and “coat.”

During fourth grade, your child will solve word problems that involve multiplication and division.

During second grade, your child will learn to determine if a three-digit number is greater than, less than or equal to another three-digit number and use the >, < and = symbols to show the answer.

When entering fourth grade, your child should remember to capitalize the appropriate words in titles, such as the names of books and movies. Your child should also remember to use commas in written addresses and with quotation marks to show when someone is speaking.

When entering third grade, your child should be able to analyze fiction and nonfiction texts—identifying elements such as main ideas, key details and the author’s purpose.

During second grade, your child will build vocabulary and learn to distinguish shades of meaning among closely related words, such as “toss,” “throw” and “hurl” or “thin,” “slender” and “skinny.”

During second grade, your child will learn to solve one- and two-step word problems involving addition and subtraction within 100.

When entering second grade, your child should be able to read and spell words with consonant blends, such as “st,” “sp” and “bl,” as well as common consonant digraphs, such as “th,” “ch” and “sh.”

When entering fourth grade, your child should understand figurative language, such as idioms, and be able to distinguish between the literal and nonliteral meanings of words. For example, “It was a piece of cake!”

When entering fifth grade, your child should be able to identify lines and angles, measure angles, understand symmetry and classify shapes based on their lines and angles. For example, your child should be able to classify right triangles by seeing that they have a 90-degree angle.

During third grade, your child will learn to write opinion pieces that are supported with reasons, informative texts that convey ideas and information clearly, and narratives (stories) that include descriptive details and a clear sequence of events.

During third grade, your child will learn to solve two-step word problems involving addition, subtraction, multiplication and division.

During fourth grade, your child will learn to understand the meaning of figurative language, including similes, metaphors and idioms.

When entering second grade, your child should be able to measure an object’s length by lining up multiple units of a shorter object end to end and naming how many units long the object is. For example, using paper clips to measure the length of a table.

When entering first grade, your child should be able to figure out the meanings of unfamiliar words and multiple-meanings words that they encounter in kindergarten-level texts.

During fifth grade, your child will learn to read and write decimals in standard form, word form and expanded form to the thousandths place and round decimals to any place.

When entering kindergarten, your child should be able to group common objects into categories and identify reasons for grouping the objects. For example, if given a lamp, sofa and zebra, your child should be able to group the lamp and sofa together because they are household items, while the zebra is not.

During second grade, your child will learn to capitalize holidays, product names and geographic names. Your child will also learn to use commas in the greetings and closings of letters and use apostrophes in contractions and possessives, such as “Jeff’s bike.”

When entering fifth grade, your child should be able to correctly use frequently confused words, such as “to” and “two” or “there” and “their.”

During second grade, your child will learn to determine if a three-digit number is greater than, less than or equal to another three-digit number and use the >, < and = symbols to show the answer.

When entering third grade, your child should be able to decode—or read and understand—two-syllable words by applying word analysis skills and by sounding out words.

When entering fifth grade, your child should be able to multiply a number with up to four digits by a one-digit number and a two-digit number by another two-digit number. Your child should also be able to divide numbers with up to four digits by a one-digit number, including problems with remainders.

During second grade, your child will learn many rules of English grammar and usage, including how to use adjectives and adverbs correctly, how to form and use contractions, and how to rearrange sentences to read correctly.

During third grade, your child will learn to understand figurative language, such as idioms, and distinguish between the literal and nonliteral meanings of words. For example, “It was a piece of cake!”

When entering second grade, your child should be able to define words by category and key attributes. For example, “A duck is a bird that swims.”

During first grade, your child will learn that addition and subtraction are closely related. For example, your child will solve the problem 10 — 2 = ? by understanding that 8 + 2 = 10.

When entering second grade, your child should be able to read a number up to one hundred and write its corresponding numeral. For example, forty-one = 41.

During fifth grade, your child will learn to figure out the meaning of an unfamiliar word or phrase by using clues in the text, such as cause/effect relationships and comparisons. For example, in the following sentence, you can determine that the word “chastened” means “punished” by looking at the cause and effect: “When Judy found out that her son had cheated, she chastened him by taking away his video games.”

When entering kindergarten, your child should be able to compare objects and describe their similarities and differences, including distinguishing by color, size, weight or shape. Your child should also be able to describe objects using the correct words, such as “big,” “small,” “short” and “tall.”

When entering second grade, your child should be able to figure out the correct meanings of grade-appropriate homophones—words that sound the same but have different meaningss. For example, “to” and “two” or “eye” and “I.”

During second grade, your child will learn to recognize shapes and identify their attributes, such as how many sides, angles or vertices (corners) they have. Your child will also learn to divide circles and rectangles into halves, thirds and fourths.

When entering first grade, your child should be able to use objects or drawings to answer “How many more make 10?” when given a number. Your child should also be able to use objects or drawings to break apart any number up to 10 in more than one way, such as breaking up the number 7 into 5 and 2, as well as 3 and 4.

When entering fourth grade, your child should be able to use bar graphs to solve one-step and two-step problems.

When entering kindergarten, your child should be able to copy simple patterns, such as ABAB, and determine what comes next in the pattern.

When entering second grade, your child should be able to correctly use pronouns, singular and plural words, and past-, present- and future-tense words in sentences.

When entering fourth grade, your child should be able to measure the lengths of objects using rulers marked with halves and fourths of an inch.

During third grade, your child will learn to tell and write time to the nearest minute. Your child will also learn to solve problems in which time has elapsed. For example, “The movie started at 5:15 p.m. It was 1 hour and 20 minutes long. What time did the movie end?”

During kindergarten, your child will be asked to listen to a story and answer questions about key details, including identifying characters and events and retelling the story in sequence.

When entering kindergarten, your child should be able to understand the most common opposites, such as “happy/sad” and “stop/go.”

During fifth grade, your child will learn to figure out the meaning of an unfamiliar word or phrase by using clues in the text, such as cause/effect relationships and comparisons. For example, in the following sentence, you can determine that the word “chastened” means “punished” by looking at the cause and effect: “When Judy found out that her son had cheated, she chastened him by taking away his video games.”

When entering second grade, your child should be able to add to 20 fluently. For example, 5 + 9 = 14 and 13 + 7 = 20.

During first grade, your child will be asked to write opinion pieces, informative texts and narratives (stories).

When entering second grade, your child should be able to read words with inflectional endings and use them correctly in sentences. Inflectional endings are letters that are added to words, such as “-ing,” “-es,” or “-ed.” For example, your child should be able to read the words “wishing,” “wishes” and “wished” and use them correctly in sentences.

When entering fifth grade, your child should be able to compare decimals to the hundredths place, such as 0.45 and 0.07. Your child should also be able to write fractions with denominators of 10 or 100 as decimals, such as writing 3/10 as 0.3 and writing 34/100 as 0.34.

When entering third grade, your child should understand that the three digits in a three-digit number represent hundreds, tens and ones. Your child should also be able to write three-digit numbers in expanded form, such as writing 726 as 700 + 20 + 6. Your child should also be able to compare two 3-digit numbers using the greater than (>), less than (<) and equal to (=) symbols.

When entering fourth grade, your child should be able to read and analyze level-appropriate stories, dramas, poems and informational texts, identifying elements such as main ideas, key details and the author’s purpose.

When entering fourth grade, your child should know how to solve two-step word problems involving addition, subtraction, multiplication and division.

During fourth grade, your child will learn many new rules of English grammar and usage, including rules about sentence fragments and run-on sentences, relative pronouns (which, that), relative adverbs (where, when, why), the correct order of adjectives and more.

During second grade, your child will learn to add and subtract within 1,000, using regrouping when needed. For example, 937 — 469 = 468.

During third grade, your child will learn to understand figurative language, such as idioms, and distinguish between the literal and nonliteral meanings of words. For example, “It was a piece of cake!”