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When entering second grade, your child should be able to figure out the correct meanings of grade-appropriate homophones—words that sound the same but have different meaningss. For example, “to” and “two” or “eye” and “I.”

During fifth grade, your child will learn to read and write decimals in standard form, word form and expanded form to the thousandths place and round decimals to any place.

When entering first grade, your child should be able to use objects or drawings to answer “How many more make 10?” when given a number. Your child should also be able to use objects or drawings to break apart any number up to 10 in more than one way, such as breaking up the number 7 into 5 and 2, as well as 3 and 4.

When entering kindergarten, your child should be able to recognize and name some lowercase letters, especially those in your child’s name.

When entering second grade, your child should be able to decode—or read and understand—regularly spelled one- and two-syllable words, such as “wet” or “seven.”

When entering third grade, your child should be able to distinguish shades of meaning among closely related words—such as “toss,” “throw” and “hurl”—and identify which word has the strongest meaning.

During kindergarten, your child will learn to print uppercase and lowercase letters.

When entering fourth grade, your child should be able to easily add and subtract within 1,000.

When entering second grade, your child should be able to identify words with similar meanings and distinguish subtle differences between them. For example, “large” and “gigantic” are synonyms, but “gigantic” has a stronger meaning than “large.”

During second grade, your child will learn to identify groups of hundreds, tens and ones when counting. Your child will also learn that the three digits in a three-digit number represent hundreds, tens and ones. For example, there are 7 hundreds, 2 tens and 6 ones in the number 726.

During third grade, your child will be expected to distinguish between shades of meaning among related words—such as “wondered,” “suspected,” “believed” and “knew”—and sort the words in order from the weakest to the strongest meaning.

During first grade, your child will learn to figure out the meanings of new words and multiple-meaning words based on the context in which they are used.

When entering first grade, your child should be able to spell simple words by sounding them out, such as “c-a-t” and “f-o-x.”

During first grade, your child will learn to recognize common spelling patterns, such as those found in rhyming words like “cat/rat/bat” and “run/fun/sun.”

When entering second grade, your child should be able to read a number up to one hundred and write its corresponding numeral. For example, forty-one = 41.

During fourth grade, your child will learn to use common, grade-appropriate Greek and Latin prefixes, suffixes and roots to figure out the meaning of a word. For example, “telegraph,” “photograph” and “autograph” all contain the Greek root “graph,” which refers to something that is written or drawn.

When entering first grade, your child should understand that sentences begin with a capital letter and that the word “I” is also capitalized. Your child should also be able to recognize and name the punctuation marks at the end of sentences, including periods, question marks and exclamation points.

When entering fourth grade, your child should know how to tell and write time to the nearest minute. Your child should also be able to solve problems in which time has elapsed. For example, “The movie started at 5:15 p.m. It was 1 hour and 20 minutes long. What time did the movie end?”

During fourth grade, your child will learn to understand the meaning of figurative language, including similes, metaphors and idioms.

During first grade, your child will learn what the equal sign means, identify whether equations are true or false and complete equations by finding missing numbers.

When entering fifth grade, your child should be able to compare and round multidigit numbers. Your child should also be able to read and write multidigit numbers in number, word and expanded form. For example, 765; seven hundred sixty-five; 700 + 60 + 5.

When entering fifth grade, your child should be able to understand words by relating them to their opposites (antonyms) and to words with similar but not identical meanings (synonyms).

During second grade, your child will learn to count and sequence numbers within 1,000 and skip-count by 2s, 5s, 10s and 100s.

When entering fourth grade, your child should be able to use clues within a sentence to figure out the meaning of an unfamiliar word or phrase. For example, in the following sentence, the underlined portion provides a clue to what the word “aviary” means: The zoo’s aviary was filled with owls, bluebirds, parrots, parakeets and cuckoos.

When entering second grade, your child should recognize and read common grade-appropriate sight-words and words with irregular spellings, such as “said,” “come” and “does.”

When entering third grade, your child should be able to distinguish long and short vowels when reading regularly spelled one-syllable words, such as “mad” and “made,” and know how to spell words using common vowel teams, such as “ai,” “ea,” “ee,” “oa” and “oi.”

During fourth grade, your child will learn about factors, which are numbers that can be multiplied together to reach another number. For example, the factors of 6 are 1 and 6 (1 x 6 = 6), as well as 2 and 3 (2 x 3 = 6). Your child will also learn about multiples, which are numbers that are reached by multiplying one number by another. 12 is a multiple of 3 because you can multiply 3 x 4 to reach 12.

When entering first grade, your child should be able to describe familiar people, places, things and events and express their thoughts, feelings and ideas clearly.

When entering fifth grade, your child should be able to use common, grade-appropriate Greek and Latin prefixes, suffixes and roots to figure out the meaning of a word. For example, “telegraph,” “photograph” and “autograph” all contain the Greek root “graph,” which refers to something that is written or drawn.

During second grade, your child will analyze fiction and nonfiction texts—identifying elements such as main ideas, key details and the author’s purpose.

When entering second grade, your child should be able to solve word problems that involve adding and subtracting within 20. This includes solving problems with up to three numbers. For example, 5 + 7 + 3 = 15.

When entering fourth grade, your child should be able to distinguish between shades of meaning among related words, such as “wondered,” “suspected,” “believed” and “knew.”

When entering first grade, your child should be able to form regular plural nouns when speaking by adding -s or -es. For example, “dog/dogs” and “wish/wishes.”

When entering second grade, your child should be able to write short opinion pieces, informative texts and narratives (stories).

When entering third grade, your child should be able to write a paragraph with an opening, three or more details and a closing.

When entering fifth grade, your child should be able to compare and round multidigit numbers. Your child should also be able to read and write multidigit numbers in number, word and expanded form. For example, 765; seven hundred sixty-five; 700 + 60 + 5.

When entering kindergarten, your child should be able to recognize and name some lowercase letters, especially those in your child’s name.

When entering third grade, your child should be able to write a paragraph with an opening, three or more details and a closing.

When entering first grade, your child should be able to figure out the meanings of unfamiliar words and multiple-meanings words that they encounter in kindergarten-level texts.

When entering fourth grade, your child should understand figurative language, such as idioms, and be able to distinguish between the literal and nonliteral meanings of words. For example, “It was a piece of cake!”

When entering fourth grade, your child should be able to estimate liquid volumes and masses of objects using grams, kilograms and liters.

During fourth grade, your child will learn about factors, which are numbers that can be multiplied together to reach another number. For example, the factors of 6 are 1 and 6 (1 x 6 = 6), as well as 2 and 3 (2 x 3 = 6). Your child will also learn about multiples, which are numbers that are reached by multiplying one number by another. 12 is a multiple of 3 because you can multiply 3 x 4 to reach 12.

During first grade, your child will learn the attributes of many shapes—such as the fact that a triangle has three sides—and how to divide circles and rectangles into halves and fourths. Your child will also be asked to find shapes within shapes, such as turning a square into two triangles by drawing a line from one corner to the opposite corner.

When entering second grade, your child should be able to build and spell simple words by blending sounds together. For example, when given the letters “a,” “e,” “c,” “b,” “d,” “g” and “s,” your child should be able to use the letters to build and read at least three words.

During fourth grade, your child will solve word problems that involve multiplication and division.

When entering third grade, your child should be able to read and write numbers within 1,000 using numerals and number words.

When entering kindergarten, your child should be able to recognize and match words that rhyme.

During third grade, your child will learn to solve word problems involving multiplication and division within 100.

When entering fifth grade, your child should be able to multiply and divide to solve word problems and be able to solve multistep word problems that involve multiplication and division.

When entering third grade, your child should be able to solve word problems that involve money, including dollar bills, quarters, dimes, nickels and pennies.

When entering kindergarten, your child should be able to describe the positions of objects and shapes using positional words and phrases, such as “in front of,” “behind,” “over,” “under” and “next to.”

When entering second grade, your child should be able to correctly use pronouns, singular and plural words, and past-, present- and future-tense words in sentences.

When entering third grade, your child should be able to solve one-step and two-step word problems involving addition and subtraction within 100.

When entering third grade, your child should be able to recognize and draw shapes with specific attributes, such as six angles or three sides. Your child should also be able to identify triangles, quadrilaterals, pentagons, hexagons and cubes.

During third grade, your child will learn to capitalize the appropriate words in titles, such as the names of books and movies. Your child will also be expected to use commas in written addresses and with quotation marks to show when someone is speaking.

During fifth grade, your child will learn to figure out the meaning of an unfamiliar word or phrase by using clues in the text, such as cause/effect relationships and comparisons. For example, in the following sentence, you can determine that the word “chastened” means “punished” by looking at the cause and effect: “When Judy found out that her son had cheated, she chastened him by taking away his video games.”

During second grade, your child will count dollar bill and coin combinations.

When entering third grade, your child should be able to analyze fiction and nonfiction texts—identifying elements such as main ideas, key details and the author’s purpose.

During fourth grade, your child will learn to interpret information from charts, graphs, diagrams, time lines, animations and interactive Web pages, and explain how that information helps them understand a text.

During second grade, your child will learn to tell and write time from clock faces and digital clocks to the nearest five minutes. For example, 8:05 a.m. or 2:15 p.m.

During fifth grade, your child will learn to use the relationship between synonyms (words with similar meanings) and antonyms (opposites) to better understand each of the words.

During kindergarten, your child will learn to add and subtract simple facts. For example, 3 + 7 = 10 and 10 — 5 = 5.

When entering fifth grade, your child should be able to compare decimals to the hundredths place, such as 0.45 and 0.07. Your child should also be able to write fractions with denominators of 10 or 100 as decimals, such as writing 3/10 as 0.3 and writing 34/100 as 0.34.

During third grade, your child will learn to write opinion pieces that are supported with reasons, informative texts that convey ideas and information clearly, and narratives (stories) that include descriptive details and a clear sequence of events.

During kindergarten, your child will learn to identify beginning sounds in words and name the letter that makes them, such as identifying the “b” sound in “bat.”

During first grade, your child will learn to capitalize dates and people’s names. Your child will also learn how to use punctuation at the ends of sentences, as well as how to use commas in dates and to separate words in a series. For example, “I like apples, bananas, and strawberries.”

During fifth grade, your child will learn to figure out the meaning of an unfamiliar word or phrase by using clues in the text, such as cause/effect relationships and comparisons. For example, in the following sentence, you can determine that the word “chastened” means “punished” by looking at the cause and effect: “When Judy found out that her son had cheated, she chastened him by taking away his video games.”

During kindergarten, your child will learn to identify 2-D (flat) and 3-D (solid) shapes, find shapes in the real world and compare shapes based on their number of sides or corners.

During fifth grade, your child will learn to make inferences when reading fiction and nonfiction text passages, citing places in the text that led your child to draw certain conclusions.

When entering kindergarten, your child should be able to recognize numbers 1 to 20 and count them in sequence.

During fifth grade, your child will learn to multiply fractions by whole numbers and by other fractions (2/3 x 4 = 8/3 or 2/3 x 4/5 = 8/15). Your child will also learn to divide fractions by whole numbers and whole numbers by fractions (1/3 ÷ 4 = 1/12 or 4 ÷ 1/2 = 8).

When entering second grade, your child should be able to identify words with similar meanings and distinguish subtle differences between them. For example, “large” and “gigantic” are synonyms, but “gigantic” has a stronger meaning than “large.”

During fifth grade, your child will learn to add and subtract fractions with different denominators. For example, 1/3 + 1/4 = 4/12 + 3/12 = 7/12.

During second grade, your child will learn to recognize shapes and identify their attributes, such as how many sides, angles or vertices (corners) they have. Your child will also learn to divide circles and rectangles into halves, thirds and fourths.

When entering second grade, your child should be able to mentally add 10 to or subtract 10 from any two-digit number—without having to count. For example, 32 + 10 = 42 and 35 — 10 = 25.

When entering fourth grade, your child should be able to measure the lengths of objects using rulers marked with halves and fourths of an inch.

When entering first grade, your child should be able to identify opposites for common adjectives and verbs, such as “happy/sad” and “stop/go.”

When entering fourth grade, your child should be able to use bar graphs to solve one-step and two-step problems.

When entering fifth grade, your child should be able to easily add and subtract multidigit whole numbers.

During kindergarten, your child will learn to form regular plural nouns when speaking by adding -s or -es. For example, “dog/dogs” and “wish/wishes.”

During fifth grade, your child will learn many new rules of English grammar and usage, including how to correctly use verb tenses, conjunctions and prepositions in sentences. Your child will also learn new rules about the correct use of punctuation and capitalization when forming sentences and paragraphs.

When entering first grade, your child should be able to count and say the syllables in spoken words. For example, your child should understand that “kitten” has two syllables: kit•ten.

When entering fourth grade, your child should know how to solve two-step word problems involving addition, subtraction, multiplication and division.

When entering second grade, your child should be able to recall and identify key events, facts and details in grade-appropriate fiction and nonfiction texts.

When entering second grade, your child should be able to mentally add 10 to or subtract 10 from any two-digit number—without having to count. For example, 32 + 10 = 42 and 35 — 10 = 25.

When entering second grade, your child should be able to define words by category and key attributes. For example, “A duck is a bird that swims.”

During fourth grade, your child will learn to add and subtract fractions and mixed numbers with the same denominator. For example, 1 1/5 + 3 2/5 = 4 3/5.

When entering fifth grade, your child should be able to identify whether a number is prime or composite and find all the factor pairs for a whole number between 1 and 100. Factors are the numbers that can be multiplied together to reach another number. For example, the factor pairs for 6 are 1 and 6 (because 1 x 6 = 6) and 2 and 3 (because 2 x 3 = 6).

When entering kindergarten, your child should be able to recognize and name some uppercase letters, especially those in your child’s name.

When entering third grade, your child should be able to analyze fiction and nonfiction texts—identifying elements such as main ideas, key details and the author’s purpose.

During second grade, your child will learn to capitalize holidays, product names and geographic names. Your child will also learn to use commas in the greetings and closings of letters and use apostrophes in contractions and possessives, such as “Jeff’s bike.”

When entering second grade, your child should be able to read and spell words with consonant blends, such as “st,” “sp” and “bl,” as well as common consonant digraphs, such as “th,” “ch” and “sh.”

When entering third grade, your child should be able to solve problems using information from line plots, picture graphs and bar graphs.

When entering second grade, your child should be able to measure an object’s length by lining up multiple units of a shorter object end to end and naming how many units long the object is. For example, using paper clips to measure the length of a table.

When entering third grade, your child should be able to distinguish shades of meaning among closely related words—such as “toss,” “throw” and “hurl”—and identify which word has the strongest meaning.

When entering fifth grade, your child should be able to compare fractions, add and subtract fractions with the same denominator and multiply a fraction by a whole number.